While it took the global population 12 years to grow from 7 to 8 billion, it will take. "[49] Others have labelled it as the "liquid continent". [338], Archaeology, linguistics, and existing genetic studies indicate that Oceania was settled by two major waves of migration. The global sex ratio in the world was approximately 1,016 males to 1,000 females as of 2022. Today the continenthas a series of independent countries, some of them since the 19th century (the British colonies, above all) and others much later, in the mid-20th century. "[140], American marine geologist Anthony A. P. Koppers wrote in the 2009 book Encyclopedia of Islands that, "as a whole, the islands of the Pacific Region are referred to as Oceania, the tenth continent on earth. In 2022 the population of Oceania was 43,451,000 and the average age increased from 29.6 in 1960 to 35.9. Oceania is a geographical area that comprises of Australia- the smallest continent in terms of the total land area and also comprises of thousands of islands across the central and south Pacific Ocean. Despite centuries of European influence, Samoa maintains its historical customs, social and political systems, and language. Vocabulary. The smallest increase in 2021 with 0.13 percent. [70][71] The CIA World Factbook also categorizes Oceania as one of the major continental divisions of the world, but the name "Australia and Oceania" is used. The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the big islands simply to the east arrived more than 60,000 years ago. At c. 1200 CE, the people of Pohnpei, a Micronesian island, would embark on another megalithic construction, building Nan Madol, a city of artificial islands and a system of canals. A population can . [148][149] From the early 20th century to 2007, the island was administratively part of French Polynesia, which itself was known as French Oceania up until 1957. Papua New Guinea and New Zealand represent nine tenths of the total. It was politically associated with Australia and Tasmania by 1870. United States Naval Institute, For the Japanese designator of Oahu. These regions are usually considered to be part of Maritime Southeast Asia. Most islands in the Pacific are high islands (volcanic islands), such as, Easter Island, American Samoa and Fiji, among others, having peaks up to 1300 m rising abruptly from the shore. [198], The first people of the Northern Mariana Islands navigated to the islands and discovered it at some period between 4000 BCE to 2000 BCE from South-East Asia. In 1905 the British government transferred some administrative responsibility over south-east New Guinea to Australia (which renamed the area "Territory of Papua"); and in 1906, transferred all remaining responsibility to Australia. ", "Subnational population estimates (RC, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2022 (2022 boundaries)", "Subnational population estimates (TA, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2022 (2022 boundaries)", "Subnational population estimates (urban rural), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2022 (2022 boundaries)", Christianity in its Global Context, 19702020 Society, Religion, and Mission, "Background Notes Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, Malaysia, Micronesia, New Zealand, Samoa", "2018 Census totals by topic national highlights", "Prince Philip: the unlikely but willing Pacific deity | Prince Philip", "Prince Philip: The Vanuatu tribes mourning the death of their "god" - BBC News", "Main Features Cultural Diversity in Australia", "Census 2016: Migrants make a cosmopolitan country", "Immigration chronology: selected events 18402008", "2013 Census QuickStats about culture and identity data tables", "California's Hispanic population projected to outnumber white in 2014", "Maternal History of Oceania from Complete mtDNA Genomes: Contrasting Ancient Diversity with Recent Homogenization Due to the Austronesian Expansion", "BBC: First contact with isolated tribes? Oceania's land surface forms 6.4 per cent of that of the earth, although by the end of the second millennium its inhabitants numbered only 31 million or 0.5 per cent of the world's population.. [67] It is used in statistical reports, by the International Olympic Committee, and by many atlases. The Ahmadiyya mosque in Marshall Islands is the only mosque in Micronesia. Median Age: age that divides the population into two numerically equal groups: half of the people are older than the median age indicated and half are younger. [250][251][252][253][254], Prominent features of the Australian flora are adaptations to aridity and fire which include scleromorphy and serotiny. [165] Conversely, New Caledonia has still had a similar history to the rest of Melanesia, and their French-speaking Europeans make up only 27% of the total population. The Magellan-Elcano expedition achieved the first circumnavigation of the world and reached the Philippines, the Mariana Islands, and other islands of Oceania. "[55] In his 2013 book Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide, American herpetologist George R. Zug wrote, "what is and is not part of the Pacificparticularly the western Pacificis variously delimited", adding that "a majority viewpoint accepts the landmasses of Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, New Guinea, and eastern Australia, which face the open waters of the Pacific, as its western edge." Density (P/Km): (Population Density) Population per square Kilometer (Km). Year: as of July 1 of the year indicated. There are also native languages, such as Samoan, Fijian and Enga (Papuan). The continent of Oceaniacovers the territorial set of fourteen different countries, which are: Australia, New Zealand, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, the Marshall Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga , Tuvalu and Vanuatu. Australia and New Zealand have diversifiedeconomies, with a strong presence in the area of services and the primary sector (production), since between the two countries they account for 40% of the worlds sheep. In 1946, Polynesians were granted French citizenship and the islands' status was changed to an overseas territory; the islands' name was changed in 1957 to Polynsie Franaise (French Polynesia). In recent Australian and New Zealand censuses, large proportions of the population say they belong to "no religion" (which includes atheism, agnosticism, deism, secular humanism). The country has been broadened by globalisation and immigration specifically from Oceania, Europe, and Asia. This date range is based on glottochronological calculations and on three radiocarbon dates from charcoal that appears to have been produced during forest clearance activities. [220], One of the first land offensives in Oceania was the Occupation of German Samoa in August 1914 by New Zealand forces. [409] The Hawaiian religion is polytheistic and animistic, with a belief in many deities and spirits, including the belief that spirits are found in non-human beings and objects such as animals, the waves, and the sky. Migrants (net): The average annual number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants over the preceding five year period (running from July 1 to June 30 of the initial and final years), or subsequent five year period (for 2016 data). According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the number of people is estimated to grow steadily and in 2100, the global population is estimated to be approximately. Public health experts In the Anglo-Saxon continental model, Oceania is called only Australia. He also viewed Oceania as covering Australia, New Zealand, the Malay archipelago and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. In 2010, Australian historian Bronwen Douglas claimed in The Journal of Pacific History that "a strong case could be made for extending Oceania to at least Taiwan, the homeland of the Austronesian language family whose speakers colonized significant parts of the region about 6,000 years ago. [117] The International Union for Conservation of Nature stated in a 1986 report that they include Easter Island in their definition of Oceania "on the basis of its Polynesian and biogeographic affinities even though it is politically apart", further noting that other oceanic islands administered by Latin American countries had been included in definitions of Oceania. While in other non-English speaking countries Australia and Eurasia are thought of as continents, while Asia, Europe, and Oceania are regarded as "parts of the world". Introduction II. Another dance performed by males is called the fa'ataupati or the slap dance, creating rhythmic sounds by slapping different parts of the body. Islands in Indonesia's North Maluku and North Sulawesi regions are considered to border the open Pacific Ocean, with the rest of the Indonesian islands being located in marginal seas of the Pacific, or the Indian Ocean. How many regions is Oceania divided into? Brown wrote, "they lie nearest the American continent of all oceanic islands, and though rarely associated with Polynesia, and never appearing to have been inhabited by any aboriginal races, are, in many ways, remarkable and interesting. [434], Rugby union is one of the region's most prominent sports,[435] and is the national sport of New Zealand, Samoa, Fiji and Tonga. However, Tyler included other Pacific islands in his book as well, such as the Aleutian Islands, the Bonin Islands, the Japanese archipelago, the Juan Fernndez Islands, the Kuril Islands, the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, California's Channel Islands and Farallon Islands, Canada's Vancouver Island and Queen Charlotte Islands (now known as Haida Gwaii), Chile's Chilo Island, Ecuador's Galpagos Islands, Mexico's Guadalupe Island, Revillagigedo Islands, San Benito Islands and Tres Maras Islands, and Peru's Chincha Islands. [401][402] The city's New Year's Eve celebrations are the largest in Oceania. The term Oceania is used because, unlike the other continental groupings, it is the ocean that links the parts of the region together. [270][271], A unique feature of Australia's fauna is the relative scarcity of native placental mammals, and dominance of the marsupials a group of mammals that raise their young in a pouch, including the macropods, possums, and dasyuromorphs. 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