C. people will seek and accept responsibility. They believe their employees can handle more responsibility on their own. Theory X 2. a type of job enrichment. Identify what the employee lacks and their working style to employ the right theory that will motivate them in the right direction. Aliyah is likely to assume that: Because our behavior tends to be consistent with our assumptions, attempts to influence others often reveal some indications, often subtle and not necessarily noticeable or aware, that those assumptions are. 2. Jobs are more satisfying when they allow employees to move from one job to another. Do you want to contribute to the future growth of Management 3.0? Theory Z was first described by: Herzberg's motivational factors. If the previous management style is not working out, it is best to change it for better results. Theory X, Theory Y by Douglas McGregor is a motivation theory. Douglas McGregor spent the end of the 1950's and the early 1960's working on his motivation theory. Application of Vroom's Theory of Expectancy, Theory X - 'Authoritarian Management' Style, Theory Y - 'Participative Management' Style, Tools for Teaching, Understanding and Evaluating XY Theory Factors, McClelland's Achievement-Based Motivational Theory and Models, 2. McGregor came from a social psychology background and brought his training in this area to the field of management. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated. candidate's answer in order to merit the assigned marks. His major writings are cited along with two volumes which were actually published several years after his death by Bennis, Caroline McGregor, and Schein. Managers follow their team members until they complete the task. Our mission is to foster educational excellence. Motivation is a topic that is being discussed more and more as the world continues to change at an exponential rate. Herzberg's two-factor theory. People will use work to satisfy their lower needs and seek to satisfy their higher needs during their leisure time. Workers do not have a desire to grow or achieve personal or professional goals. Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives. If she logs 40 hours in four days, she can have a three-day weekend. 2. 5. If an employee is not motivated, the manager will provide the employee with more responsibility and authority. 2. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Aliyah is likely to assume that: Add more tasks to a job than of treating each task as separate 5. Douglas McGregor. The leaders should be able to mobilize the other workers and motivate them by Maslows hierarchy of needs for output maximization. Workers are willing to accept challenges and are proud of the work that they do. 4. Job hopping The test is a simple reflective tool, not a scientifically validated instrument; it's a learning aid and broad indicator. 1. esteem needs All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: 3. social needs 3. security needs She views her company favorably, and she enjoys working with her colleagues. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. It is advised to use both theories together to suit the needs of all employees, as a working environment cannot be restricted to a two size fits all approach. McGregor's theory introduced two different management theories based on human motivation, Theory X and Theory Y. 4. job rotation. 5. the humanistic view of management. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Turn your workplace into a happy workplace! Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. E. a manager who focuses on the hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. Under these conditions, people will seek responsibility. 3. 2. avoid micromanaging his employees. Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individuals motivational needs. While money may not be the most effective way to self-fulfillment, it may be the only way available. Explore our library and get Management Homework Help with various study sets and a huge amount of quizzes and questions, Find all the solutions to your textbooks, reveal answers you wouldt find elsewhere, Scan any paper and upload it to find exam solutions and many more, Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards, Try out our new practice tests completely, 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. Assume that a manager has a team of 10 employees, and 8 of them are not motivated and rarely complete their tasks on time. 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. 4. increase in productivity as pay increased 4. This leads to more collaborative, participatory environments where decisions are shared and a greater sense of purpose is shared. 5. job sharing, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. According to McGregor, Theory X managementassumes the following: Essentially, Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. McGregor's XY Theory remains central to organisational development, and to improving organisational culture. 2. Average employees always seek direction as they are lazy. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to:A. the traditional view of management. Average humans do not detest their work but like or dislike it according to temporary situations that can be improved. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. 3. diversity. student. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. McGregor's Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. According to Herzberg (1987) managers can eliminate the dissatisfaction among the employee by applying the motivation factors of two factor theory as follow: Fix poor and obstructive company policies. 3. Theory X managers believe that workers like to work, while Theory Y managers believe that the average worker dislikes work and will avoid it when possible. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Aaron will strive to satisfy esteem needs next. Which management theory does Freedom Clothing follow? McGregor's 1960 book, . Managers with Theory X attitudes hold that subordinates dislike work, avoid work if they can, and show little ambition. Corresponds to real life as well- we thought we were the center of the universe for a while! It allows two people to do one job. Most people avoid responsibility and need constant direction. Morale. 3. ________ is the difference between a desired state and an actual state. B. the humanistic view of management. Wash Sale Rule: Example and How to Avoid It? On the other hand, managers who adopt Theory Y assumptions shape systems where trust in people is one of the central pillars. Avoiding confrontation (unless you are genuinely being bullied, which is a different matter) and delivering results are key tactics. Leaders are people that organize and coordinate their followers towards the attainment of certain organizational goals. Every worker deserves a cookie and privacy! 2. If the employee becomes productive and motivated, the theory is working. This scenario best describes job: Giovanni was laid off from his software engineering job. Theory X managers focus on the high-level needs, while Theory Y managers focus on the low-level needs. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. 5. Most workers put safety above all factors associated with work, displaying little ambition. Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. Theory Z 4. when two people do one job. The clothing retailer has achieved success by empowering its employees to make their own decisions and follow their passions. 2. creating a work-friendly environment. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: McGregor's ideas significantly relate to the modern understanding ofthe Psychological Contract, which provides many ways to appreciate the unhelpful nature of X-Theory leadership and the useful constructive beneficial nature of Y-Theory leadership. Influencing such major management gurus such as Peter Drucker and Warren Bennis, McGregor's revolutionary Theory Y-which contends that individuals are self-motivated and self-directed-and Theory X-in which employees must be commanded and controlled-has been widely taught in business schools, industrial relations schools, psychology departments . Perhaps the most noticeable aspects of McGregor's XY Theory - and the easiest to illustrate - are found in the behaviours of autocratic managers and organisations which use autocratic management styles. There are many similarities between Theory X Theory Y and Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. The use of this material is free for self-development, developing others, research, and organizational improvement. Frederick Taylor. Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. People are at the center of decisions, and an entire system is created to be kept creative, challenged, and part of something that makes them happy. This led them to use rewards and punishment as their primary means to motivate employees. Allow employees to move from one job to another The average person prefers to be directed; avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else. A type of job enrichment Although McGregor suggests Theory Y as a better approach to management in a workplace, some organisations require the attitude of Theory X. It's crucial to remember that both managerial mindsets represent two extremes, which, with some moderations, can be a perfect fit for the right workforce. 3. security Herzberg's motivational factors. 2. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. 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