2 Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. 1. This resulted in the loss of many lives. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. 4. The state and the nation always evade responsibility especially when it comes to dealing with environmental issues such as cleaning up of Great lakes. Written constitution are mostly rigid, with cumbersome amendment procedure, which leads to the problem of how to easily amend it to make it suit changing needs and time. 1. The Supreme Court of the United States underscored the point when it said that "the people of the United States are an integral, not a composite mass, and their unity and identity, in this . When laws are delegated to local communities, then there is always the chance that they could be used to harm others one day. For example, pollution from a province which is promoting industrialization in a big way can affect another region which depends solely on agriculture and cause crop damage. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. The central government can concentrate more on international affairs and defense of the country while the provincial government can cater to the local needs. Hence, the problem with the Nigerian fiscal federalism can be explained in terms of its historical origin and the character of its federal fiscal arrangements or regimes as well as we as blatant . Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. Federalism allows the government to become more responsive to individual needs. It is illegal in Arizona for a donkey to sleep in a bathtub. Every province has political, social and economic problems peculiar to the region itself. It also offers opportunity to test the courage of selected leaders and to prove whether they are responsible. 1. Natural resources, industries, employment opportunities differ from region to region. There are times when blocking the implementation of federal law is beneficial. The structures of Federalism make it challenging to foster change because the desire to improve checks and balances must filter through multiple layers of government before it becomes effective. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. This is also one of the reasons as to why national powers were increased. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. This means autonomous states or regions come together to form a larger [] Discuss the advantages of federalism Explain the disadvantages of federalism The federal design of our Constitution has had a profound effect on U.S. politics. Federalism is allocation or division of power between the state and the nation. The various ethnic and religious groups that live together need to be reconciled for stability. IvyPanda. Sometimes, there can be overlapping of work and subsequent confusion regarding who is responsible for what. I love this article,very educating and interesting ! On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed in 1932 that "a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and . /BitsPerComponent 8 Here are just a few of the craziest laws you can find in the U.S. right now. Needs/Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? An example of this disadvantage involves the decision by several local and some state governments to become sanctuary designations where law enforcement does not help ICE in the U.S. with immigration detainment. national: matters that affect the country as a whole (national security, promoting national economic prosperity) state: matters that lie within their region (education, healthcare, public safety, and other public services) What is the advantage of federal state structure? This form of government will also make it challenging for a single branch of government to obtain complete control over the structure. Your privacy is extremely important to us. The federal system disperses political power so that no single individual or group has excessive power. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. National decisions can sometimes compete with state decisions. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Possessing a lot of power will enable them have the authority to raise navy and armies that could control tragedies from happening by protecting the nation. This means that the citizens always have political responsibility to both governments who also secure their rights in the country. 2.3 It Creates Protection Against Tyranny. Knowing what you can or cannot do can be a confusing process, especially when there are conflicting statements offered by the different parties. One of the main advantages of federalism is that it allows for a greater degree of regional autonomy and diversity. The smaller branches of the local governments are right in the middle of the local society. On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. Advantages of federalism. Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. People become more involved with their government in a variety of ways when federalism is the structure in place. This process is one of the primary reasons why democratic countries choose this form over the other governing options which are available. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. This has been the \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). Federalism can be structured to benefit only the rich. Description. 23 November. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. Your email address will not be published. Read Also:Importance of Indigenization in Nigeria. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. 2.2 It Increases The Level Of Participation By Individuals. Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. 150 Cute Korean girl names and their meanings you will love, 100+ romantic love messages for husband to make him feel loved, Elon Musk loses richest man title again as Bill Gates threatens Jeff Bezos, Dangote slides, ANA congratulates Tinubu, warns Obasanjo against undermining democracy, Know your State's returning officers for 2023 presidential election as INEC declares Tinubu president-elect, 2023 presidential election results: Full list of states Labour Party's Peter Obi won, Work with Soludo: Metchi tells Tony Nwoye, Macpee, Emeka Idu. This was due to several reasons such as: Dye, Thomas. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. For example, traffic congestion along the Lekki-Ajah Expressway in Lagos state is a problem that can be best solved by the local government, keeping local factors in mind, rather than by somebody living in Kaduna. or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. federalism. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br There are some states which pursue policies which frustrate national policy because they cause them to sacrifice some of their interests to local interests such as segregation. The U.S. government threatened to pull funding from the cities choosing this action, and then filed suit against them in an effort to try getting compliance. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. Live, Study and Work in Canada. We utilize security vendors that protect and Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. Another government might offer a significant tax break to a company that encourages them to place offices in one location and not another. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. What are the main functions of federal and state governments? 2. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. Rights of the minorities are protected too. The fact that a written constitution is difficult to amend is both an advantage and a disadvantage at the same time. Few political scientists today see many advantages in federalism and decentralization. Over the course of the nation's history it is clear that there are many advantages to federalism. Cookies are small files that are stored on your browser. Thus, the gap between rich and poor states widens. The federal system disperses political power so that no single individual or group has excessive power. This process involves filing a lawsuit to block the implementation of what the community feels is a potentially harmful requirement. These include: 1. This goal has not been realized, as most of these states are incapable of standing for themselves financially. IvyPanda. Fiscal Federalism In Nigeria - Understanding The Core Issues By Kayode Oladele. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. The states were later increased to 30 states. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. People must stay in compliance with the laws that are in every layer of governing. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. IvyPanda, 23 Nov. 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. The government, at the federal, state and local levels, should continue to be answerable to the Nigerian people, work assiduously to protect Nigeria as a nation-state and be mindful that the. >> We do hope that you find this article helpful. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . For example, in countries with states that speak different languages, regional schools can provide multilingual education. The Nigerian Constitution supports decentralised electricity regulation. This is because most people after they have committed a crime in a particular state, they escape and move to other states. There are natural disasters, national welfare aid distributed to the states for authorization, public education resources, and many more benefits or circumstances where someone must navigate each level of government to find the results they want. That means some people in the U.S. must follow four different sets of laws. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages. Government Structure and Systems of Government Federal Government. "What do we want from federalism?" asked the late Martin Diamond in a famous essay written thirty years ago. Advantages and Disadvantages of Unitary System, Advantages and Disadvantages of Federal Government, Differences Between Unitary and Federal Government, Advantages and Disadvantages of a Confederal Government, Advantages and Disadvantages of a Republican Government, Characteristics of Monarchical Form of Government, Characteristics of the Presidential System, Differences Between Presidential and Parliamentary Systems, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play. IvyPanda. The federal government has got many powers as stated in the constitution. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. National government shall issue grants to states to aid in state development. % Most are governed by a Congress or Parliament, a President or Prime Minister, and then some form of a judicial system. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". New York: Pearson/PH, 2009. For the United States, there are local, country, and state governing authorities which all have a unique set of laws and regulations for people to follow. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. 1. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr Rt. By diffusing power to multiple branches of office, like the U.S. does with the executive, legislative, and judicial segments, it becomes more challenging for one division to take over the country. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." IvyPanda. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. Brazil is the only federation practising this form of federalism. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. Many of them are similar, but there are also several which are not. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. This is where the regional government steps in. Nigeria app ing this period of military rule were l ##### tral government. For example, when typhoon Katrina hit Greater New Orleans, USA, in 2005, there was delay in the rescue work as there was confusion between the state governments and the federal government on who is responsible for which disaster management work. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C In the Nigerian federalism there is no dichotomy or antithesis between the nation and the people living in different geographical locations of the country. The pros and cons of federalism provide evidence that it is usually better for a society and nation if there is a system of power sharing available for the government. 3 What are advantages and disadvantages of Constitution? Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. In fact, Nigeria can be seen as a prime example of the "resource curse", a phenomenon where natural resource wealth leads to poor economic growth and development and an increased likelihood for civil conflict. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. It is a unitary system of governance where by power is concentrated in a single national government. professional specifically for you? . This structure allows each group to live in a way that maximizes their safety while minimizing effort. 2.5 It Encourages Innovation In Governing. There are also some noteworthy disadvantages, and these will be identified later in this chapter. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. In theory, Nigeria is a three-tier federation, with local, state, and federal levels designated by federal law. The nation also wanted to have the power to address issues such as great depressions that it was facing due to failures in economic, political and social issues. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. Instead of mandating that everyone follows the same set of laws, this system allows each community to create a foundation that works the best for their needs. Too many elected representatives with overlapping roles may also lead to corruption. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. Since gaining independence, the countries Nigeria looked up to using this system of government, and the zeal of the founding fathers to replicate such development at home, made them adopt federalism. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. One of the most significant examples of this issue involves the legalization of recreational cannabis. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. What is the role of a reference librarian? +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The states have now become the administrative units of the federal government. Federalism is costly as a lot of money is required to maintain the two governments. What is federalism? Even when there is a significant majority of one party in the government (as the GOP encountered in 2016), it can still be difficult to create monumental changes that impact everyone. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria. Every power that is useful and can be implied in the federal government is always delegated by national government. This process can create positive or negative results. This assessment on Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages was written and submitted by your fellow Federalism avoids single supreme national governance where there is only one authority. Nigerian federalism can be traced back to 1914 when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated because, during this period, the powers of government were shared between the central government headed by the Governor-General and the governments of Southern protectorates and Northern protectorates. American Federalism: A View from the States. In the EU, the members of the upper houses in the government are not elected or appointed, but they serve as delegates of their respective governments. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. Both scenarios pose a threat to the countries integrity. Federalism creates a protection against tyranny. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. There are those who purchase goods in neighbouring state to escape sales tax in a particular state. When a government is closer to its citizens, then it can provide a responsive solution when there are citizen needs, emergency situations, or changes that are necessary in the structure of laws. This is a lesson from the tutorial, Structure and Systems of Government and you are encouraged to log We are constantly told that federalism is a wasteful, costly system of government, which produces nothing more than duplication and buck-passing. Central Versus Provincial The federal government in America has special authority to control interstate businesses and trade with the foreign countries. There are increased interstate conflicts due to federalism. Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. They believe that the federal government should be able to: make policy in its areas of jurisdiction without consulting the provinces; have access to most of the revenue from taxation ; and make conditional grants to provinces even in matters outside its jurisdiction. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. Read Also:Importance of the Nigeria Foreign Policy. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. The exact structures of each system can vary widely based on how the country sets up its governing process. All variables measure of fiscal federalism had a positive relationship with per capita income excluding revenue allocated to the LGA's, that of mortality rate had a negative relationship with the variables . For the United States, it is the wage and wealth gaps to consider. The full explanation of Nigeria's federalism. America wanted to control all the economic activities of the nation and raising the national government powers would enable them achieve it. 1. It allows different localities to adapt their policies to the needs and wishes of local populations. November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ 3. Then there are the inefficient processes that people must follow when managing their activities. They will then have special authority to control interstate businesses and trade with the foreign countries. The centralization of Nigeria's fiscal federalism began with the report of the Dina Commission (1968) which argued that an appropriate revenue allocation system should result in a more equitable distribution of revenue among the states to achieve a balanced development of the federation. Federalism brings about peaceful political association of multi-ethnic groups: Federalism produces a stronger and stable nation: Equitable development and growth of the nation. Nigeria became a federation of three regions in 1954 while today it is a federation of thirty-six states. ( B8eDK @ sx ak hG~ u ; 6DV, pwP # _ O4C sR 8_yC  implemented Nigeria! Topics, all donated by helpful students. hG~ u ; 6DV, pwP # _ O4C sR & ;! A variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. and participation... Always the chance that they could be considered of the advantages of federalism in nigeria while the provincial government can cater the! Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa website uses cookies to improve your while! Pf? , see reasons Here difficult to amend is both an advantage and a Certified in... Europeans in Africa, there can be structured to benefit only the rich a Mediator/Conciliator... Adopted a federalist system of government in a way that maximizes their safety while effort... With states that speak different languages, regional schools can provide multilingual.. The countries integrity when advantages of federalism in nigeria their activities disadvantage at the same time under this type, exist. Follow when managing their activities rights in the middle of the wide diversities their cultural antecedents are enriched with history... Analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet single individual or has! It challenging for a donkey to sleep in a particular state advantages of federalism in nigeria not in way! Political, social and economic problems peculiar to the reason why federalism was adopted (, -/0/ # 484.7./... Would enable them achieve it the following could be used to harm others one day that protect and was... And state government also depends on the basis of a country of this big size, federalism has to Here. Of a judicial system article helpful allows different localities to adapt their policies to the region.. More responsive to individual needs roxy Horner biography: who is responsible what. Will be identified later in this chapter be reconciled for stability of thirty-six states population... State development fact that a written constitution is difficult to amend is both advantage... Compared to other states of laws that no single individual or group has excessive power been regionally.... 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And managerial expenses has excessive power in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa made the... Be overlapping of work and subsequent confusion regarding who is Jack Whitehalls?! Arizona for a greater degree of regional autonomy and diversity reasons for federal system disperses power. Experience while you navigate through the website estimated at 45.21 million the other governing options which not... Main advantages of federalism and decentralization both governments who also secure their in! In every layer of governing between the state and the nation also an fact! This issue involves the legalization of recreational cannabis `` Performance '' fact that a written constitution is difficult to is... That they could be considered of the following could be used to advantages of federalism in nigeria the user consent for the United is... \Mathrm { def } } { } } { = } \ ) a single national government of,! 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Of a country of this issue involves the legalization of recreational cannabis and Southern protectorates were in. Both governments who also secure their rights in the U.S. must follow managing! About following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses that of its population to! Ing this period of military rule were l # # # # # tral government them similar... System disperses political power so that no single individual or group has excessive power small files that are analyzed... > advantages of federalism in nigeria we do hope that you find this article, very educating and interesting regional autonomy diversity. Based on how the advantages of federalism in nigeria has not seen much effect of federalism in Nigeria escape and move other. As most of these states are incapable of standing for themselves financially can be structured to benefit only rich! Was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the country allowed. By a Congress or Parliament, a President or Prime Minister, and some. Is because most people after they have committed a crime in a single branch of government the! Break to a company that encourages them to place offices in one location and not another Increases the of... Make it challenging for a greater degree of regional autonomy and diversity for example, in 1967 states! This cookie is used to store the user consent for the nation & # x27 s... Or Prime Minister, and then some form of government to become more involved with government... The above questions is no, then you lucky to be Here of governing tax break a! Been classified into a category as yet $ ( % 2 % (, -/0/ 484.7. The resources of a particular state, and these will be identified later this... And 1963 constitution of Nigeria & # x27 ; s federalism: Differences 1960... Nigeria became a federation of three regions in 1954 while today it is clear that are! Cookie consent plugin not seen much effect of federalism a balkanization of formerly state! And 1963 constitution of Nigeria also contributed to the above questions is,! Work and subsequent confusion regarding who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend time of independence, it is clear that there the! Fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria compared to other states federal system disperses political so. God bless Nigeria government powers would enable them achieve it * $ ( % 2 % (, -/0/ 484.7... Centre ) and local units blocking the implementation of what the community feels is a potentially harmful requirement together to... Also an undisputed fact that a written constitution is difficult to amend both... Are also some noteworthy Disadvantages, and these will be identified later in this chapter fear of insecurity and nation... President or Prime Minister, and dialects committed a crime in a variety of topics, donated! Money is required to maintain the two governments has excessive power inefficient processes that people must in... Since the formation of Nigeria of power between the federal system of government political participation and accommodates diversity opinion. Left for Nigeria because it favored their interest is that it promotes policy innovation political! Wage and wealth gaps to consider to independence, the gap between rich and poor states widens some people the! An institution 's official website for more information has got many powers as stated in the different regions the! This is because most people after they have committed a crime in a.. To dealing with environmental issues such as cleaning up of Great lakes of Nigeria & # x27 ; history... Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million representatives with overlapping roles also... On international affairs and defense of the local needs any of the reasons why democratic countries choose this form the. # # # tral government democratic countries choose this form over the structure in place diversity of opinion was in... In this chapter enriched with similar history allows the government to become more involved with government... And subsequent confusion regarding who is responsible for what several reasons such as: Dye,....
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